The procedure in plain terms
The most common surgical method in early pregnancy is vacuum aspiration. After an examination and ultrasound, the doctor gently opens the cervix a little and uses a thin tube with suction to remove the pregnancy tissue. It usually takes about 5 to 15 minutes. Pain relief ranges from local anaesthetic around the cervix to sedation, and your doctor should explain which is planned and why.
When it is chosen
- You prefer a single, short treatment instead of several days of bleeding at home.
- A medical abortion is not suitable or has not completed.
- The pregnancy is beyond the stage where medicines alone are generally used.
Later in pregnancy a different surgical technique, dilation and evacuation, is used in a hospital setting. See second-trimester MTP.
What to prepare
You may be asked to avoid eating for a few hours beforehand if sedation or anaesthesia is planned. Bring someone with you if you can, because you should not travel alone straight after sedation. Wear loose clothing and carry sanitary pads.
Recovery
Cramps and light to moderate bleeding are usual for several days, and spotting can continue up to two weeks. Many people return to light activity the next day. Your doctor will tell you when it is safe to resume intercourse and what contraception to start. The usual warning signs are covered in abortion aftercare.
Risks you should hear about
Serious complications are uncommon when the procedure is done by a trained clinician in a suitable facility. Possible problems include infection, retained tissue that needs further treatment, heavy bleeding, and, rarely, injury to the womb or cervix. Ask how these would be managed and where you would be taken if something went wrong.
Ask before you agree: who will perform the procedure, what anaesthesia is planned, what the total charge covers, and what the arrangement is if you need urgent care after leaving.
How the procedure is done
After examination and a scan, a thin tube is passed through the cervix and the contents of the womb are removed by gentle suction. This is called vacuum aspiration, either manual or electric. It usually takes 5 to 15 minutes. You may have local anaesthesia with or without sedation, and the choice is discussed beforehand.
Before and after
- Follow fasting instructions if sedation is planned, and arrange for someone to accompany you.
- Expect cramps for a few hours and bleeding or spotting for up to two weeks.
- Most people rest the same day and return to routine activity within a day or two.
- Avoid tampons and intercourse until the doctor says it is safe, commonly one to two weeks.
Risks, stated plainly
Serious problems are uncommon when the procedure is done by a trained doctor in a suitable facility. Possible risks include infection, retained tissue, heavy bleeding and, rarely, injury to the womb. Early warning signs and what to do are in abortion aftercare. Compare both methods in surgical vs medical abortion.
Common questions
Is a surgical abortion painful?
There is cramping during and after. Pain relief is provided, and most people describe it as short but uncomfortable.
How soon can I go back to work?
Often within one to two days for desk work. Follow your doctor's advice, especially after sedation.
Can I eat before the procedure?
Follow the instructions you are given. If sedation or anaesthesia is planned, you may be asked to fast for several hours.
How long does a surgical abortion take?
The procedure itself usually takes 5 to 15 minutes. Allow a few hours at the clinic for preparation and rest.
Is general anaesthesia needed?
Often not. Local anaesthesia with or without sedation is common for vacuum aspiration. The doctor will discuss the best option for you.
General information. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor who has examined you. Read our medical disclaimer.